Well pump



T. C. BAN NON msmw Patented "Dec. 3, 1929 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEWELL PUMP Application filed March 2,

This invention relates to a well pump and an object of the invention isto provide a simple, practical and eliective pump suitable for oilwells.

It is an object of this invention to provide a pump which operates tokeep the pumped fluid in flowing condition even though it may includematter that tends to congeal, sand, or other matter such as ordinarilymakes well plgilnping diflicult and, in some cases, impossi e.

Another object of this invention is to provide a pump which minimizesthe danger of the parts becoming clo ged or sanded up and makes possiblethe flus ing of the parts.

A further object of my invention is to provide a pump with perfectlubrication .between the plunger and barrel. Another object of theinvention is to provide a well pump in whichthe pressures on the pumpparts, for instance, on the barrel and plunger, are equalized in amanner which allows the arts to be fitted to operate at maximum eciency.

It is a particular object of my invention to provide a pump in which theplunger can be accurately spaced in the proper operating position in thearrel.

Further, an object of this invention is to provide a pump ofthe generaltype mentioned which is sim le and inexpensive of manufacture and eective and reliable in operation. 7

The various objects and features of my invention, including those abovementioned and many others, whichwill be obvious from my disclosure, willbe best andmore fully dti understood from the following detaileddescription of a typical form and application of the invention,throughout which description I refer to the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

Fig. 1 is'a view illustrating the manner in which my present inventionmay be related to a standard form of well derrick and pumping equipment;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view, taken at the upper end of the wellcasing;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the 1927. Serial No. 171,965.

upper portion of the pump, being an enlarged view taken on line 3-3 onFig. 1; a

F ig'. 4 is a View similar to F i 3 showing the lower portion of thepump, eing a view taken on line 4-4 on Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view, 5-5 on Fig. 2;

Fig- 6 is a sectlonal view, taken on line 66 on Fig.2;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view, taken on line 7-7 on Fig. 3;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the pump being a viewtaken on line 8-8 on Fig 4:;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the lower portion of the pump, showing theplunger down as far as it can be lowered;

' Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the upper portion of the pump, showingthe plunger in position above its normal working position and inposition to cause the pump parts to be flushed; p i i Fig. 11 is asectional view illustratinganother form of pump embodying my invention;and

Fig. 12 is a sectional view of the pump illustrated in Fig. 11, being aview'taken on line 12-12 on Fig. 11.

I have shown the pum arranged in a well casing 10 to be operated rom awalking beam 11 of a standard derrick 12. The pump barrel 13 is mountedin the casing 10 on the lower end of a pump tubing 14, while the pumplunger 15 is carried by a sucker rod 16 whic operates within the tubing14. A casing head 17 is applied to the upper end of the well casin 10and is formed with an opening through which the ump tubing 14: entersthe c'asing. A tubing ead 18 is applied to the upper end of the tubin tobe supported b the casing head and includes a suitable stu ing box 19which slidably passes the sucker rod 16. A connection 20 is providedbetween the upper end of the sucker rod and the walking beam 11 wherebyoscillation of the beam cause's reciprocation of the rod} The walkingbeam 11, or other means provided for reciprocating the rod, may bedriven in any suitable manner.

The pump providedby my invention intaken on line eludes, generally, thebarrel 13, the plunger 15, a' standing valve 21 located at the lower endof the barrel, a working valve 22 carried by the plunger, and means forintroducing fluid from the space between the pump tubing 14 and thesucker rod into the plunger to mix with the fluid handled by the pump.The sucker rod 16 is made hollow or in the form of a tube and conductsthe pumped fluid to the top of the well where it may be received by aflow connection 29.

The barrel 13 may be of typical construction including a tubular shell24, a top collar 25, a bottom collar 26, and a liner 27 carried in theshell between the collars. The top collar 25 connects the barrel withthe lower end of the tubing 14, while the lower collar 26 connects theshell wit-h an extension nipple 34 which carries the standing valve 21.=In the construction shown, the liner 27 is formed in a plurality oftubular sections arranged together end to end and clamped tightlybetween the collars. A clearance or space of about one-eighth of an inchis left between the shell and liner.

The standing valve 21 may be of any suitable construction; for instance,it may be the usual ball t pe of valve including a body 30 adapted tofit tightly in a tapered seat formed in a shoe 31 at the lower end ofthe extension nipple 34. In practice, this valve remains stationary inthe shoe 31 and operates as the intake valve of the pump. The fluid tobe pumped is admitted into the lower end of the shoe 31.

The plunger 15 is tubular and slidably fits the liner 27. It isconnected to the lower end of the sucker rod to operate therewith and sothat the interior of the plunger is in communication with the interiorof the rod. I have shown the plunger and rod connected by a coupling 33.The working valve 22 is carried by the lunger and, in practice, may beof any suitable construction. I prefer to use the standard form of ballvalve and to mount it at the lower end of the pltfnger. I have shown aball valve 35 mounted in a blind cage 36 screw-threaded to the plunger.

- A standing valve puller 37 may be applied to the lower end of theworking valve.s0 that the standing valve 21 can be removed with theplunger in the manner commonly followed in well pumps.

My construction provides a communication between the interior of thepump tubing 14 and the interior of the plunger 15 whereby flui'dintroduced into the tubing around the sucker rodis conducted into theplunger. My preferred construction provides oneor more openings 40 inthe up er collar 25 to connect the interior of the co lar with thespacebetween the shell 24 and liner 27. One or more holes 41 areprovided in the liner to connect the space between the shell and linerand a recess 42 formed in the inside of the liner.

One or more ports 43 extend through the plunger 15 to co-operate withthe recess 42 so that fluid from the recess enters the plunger. It isdesirable to have the fluid passage just described open at all timesduring the pumping operation and, therefore, I

.locate the recess 42 in the liner to be normally covered by. theplunger, and I form the ports 43 in the plunger so that there is alwaysat least one port in register with the recess 42 during normalreciprocation of the plunger. If I use one port 43, it is madecomparatively long and extends longitudinally of the plunger. I preferto provide a plurality of. small ports spaced to properly co-operate.With the recess. The recess preferably extends entirely around theinside of the liner so that the ports inthe plunger co-operate with itregardless of the rotative position of the plunger in the liner.

The fluid introduced through the ports 43 is preferably received by amanifold 50 mounted on the interior of the plunger, the manifold beingdesigned to discharge the fluid in the desired manner in the plunger. Inthe construction shown in the drawings, the ports 43 are formed in a rowlongitudinally of the plunger and, therefore, the manifold 50, which maybe a pipe welded to the inside of the plunger, extends longitudinally ofthe plunger. The fluid may be discharged from either end of the manifold50. I have shown the manifold provided with a valve controlled dischargeopening at its lower end. The check valve 51 in the lower end of themanifold prevents fluid from entering the manifold from the interior ofthe plunger. The discharge end of the manifold may be directed towardthe ball 35 ,of the working valve so that the fluid discharged from themanifold keeps the working valve clean hnd in roper operating condition.

refer to relate the length of the liner 27, tiie length of the plunger25, the position of the recess 42 in the liner, and the ports 43 in theplunger, first, so that the recess 42 is above the plunger when theplunger is lowered to position where the hook-on 37 en gages thestanding valve 21; second, so that all of the ports 43 are within theliner and closed by the liner when the plunger is in a raised positionwhere the recess 42 is uncovered allowing fluid from the space betweenthe shell and liner to enter the liner below the working valve; and,third, so that there is always at least one port 43 in communicationwith the recess 42 during normal reciprocation of the plunger.

In operating the pump, I may introduce circulating fluid, for instance,clean oil, into the space between the sucker rod and pump tubing so thatit circulates through the fluid passage 'above described and into theplunger to mix with the fluid-being pumped from the well. The fluid thusintroduced may obvipumped, all as circumstances may require.

This circulating fluid may be introduced through the tubing head-18 fromany suitable source, such as 'a reservoir 60, and may be introduced bymeans of a pump 61. I show pump 61 operated from the walking beam 11 sothat circulating fluid received from the reservoir 60 is pumped througha pipe'62 into the head 17. I prefervto relate pump 61 to the Well pumpso that circulating fluid is pumped in by pump 61 during the down strokeof the plunger 15. It is desirable to provide a pressure release valve63, a check valve 64 and a pressure gauge 65 in the pipe 62. The checkvalve prevents the circulating fluid from backing up through the pumptubing. An auxiliary pump 66 may be provided for pumping circulatingfluid when the beam 11 is out of operation. Thecirculating fluid,introduced into the tubing, passes through openings 40 in the collar 25,passes through the space between the shell 24 and liner 27, passesthrough the holes 41 into recess 42, and passes from recess 42 throughport 43 into manifold 50. Manifold 50 directs the circulating fluidtoward the ball 35 of the workingvalve, thus keeping it clean and inworking condition. The circulating fluidmixeswith the fluid from thewell and, if the circulating fluid is of the proper character relativeto the fluid from the well, it will materially aid the flow of thepumped fluid upwardly through the pump and sucker rod. For instance, ifthe fluid from the well carries sand, the circulating fluid, if oil,increases the proportion of oil to sand and thus keeps the sand insuspension. The fluid pressures coming on the liner and plunger areequalized to a degree which overcomes difficulties experienced in deepwell pumps, due to excessive pressures causing expansion and contractionof the slidably fitted parts. During normal operation, the circulatingfluid is introduced into the plunger during each down stroke of theplunger 15.

With my invention, it is possible to accurately locate the stroke of theplunger in the barrel. The plunger may first be lowered to its lowermostposition where the hook-on 37 rests on the working valve. The plunger isthen below the recess 42 in the liner so that the circulating fluidcannot enter the plunger to circulate. As the plunger is drawn up, theuppermost port 43 in the plunger registers with the recess 42 and thecirculating fluid starts to flow, the flow being indicated bythe gauge65. This flow indicates to the-operator that the plunger is now at thelowermost limit of its proper stroke and has the proper clearance abovethe standing valve.

The space then between the reciprocating part and the standing valvewill depend upon the proportioning of the parts and will be known by theoperator. As the plunger is further drawn up, the ports 43 remain incommunication with the recess 42 and the circulating fluid continues incirculation until the lowermost port 43 moves out of register with therecess 42 at which time the fluid circulation is cut oil, indicatingthat the plunger is at the uppermost limit of its proper stroke. By thusfinding the proper limits of stroke of the plunger, the operator canaccurately space the plunger to operate in the proper manner;

If the working valve becomes clogged or inoperative, the plungercan beraised to an up position, shown in Fig. 10, where all ports 43 are stillwithin the liner and closed or out of register with recess 42. Thecirculating fluid then enters under the working valve to flow upwardlythrough the valve and flush it.

In Figs. 11 and 12, I show a heater whereby heated circulating fluid maybe used to heat the pumped fluid before entering the pump. The heatermay be applied to shoe 31 and may include two cylindrical parts 80 and81 spaced. apart to form a chamber 82. The parts 80 and 81 may be anydesired length and the lower end of the inner part 81 may be open toreceive fluid from the well. In

this case, the circulating fluid, instead of passing directly from thepump tubing 14 to the space between the shell and liner, isbypassedthrough the chamber 82. To do this,

a pipe 83, or other connection, extends be tween the tubing and thechamber 82. The pipe 83 may be applied to the exterior of the otherparts, as shown in the drawings. A second pipe, or connection 84,connects the chamber 82 with the space between the shell and liner. Theconnection 84 may be applied to the exterior of the pump parts and mayconnect through the lower collar 26 The pipes 83 and 84 connect intoopposite ends of the chamber 82 to assure proper circulation of-thefluid through the chamber. With this form of construction, the generalmode of operation is the same as above described,

Having described only a typical preferred form of my invention, I do notwish to limit myself to the specific details set forth, but

wish to reserve to myself any changes or variations that may appear tothose skilled in the art or fall within the scope of the followingclaims.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. A pump foruse with a tubing and a hollow sucker rod, including abarrel carried Lli ings through which a flui connection is made betweenthe tubing and the plunger the opening in the barrel being between partsof the barrel which slidably carry the plunger.

2. A pump for use with a pump tubing and a hollow sucker rod, includinga barrel carried by the tubing, a plunger carried by the rod andslidably carried in the barrel, and

a fluid connection between the tubing and the plunger, said connectionincluding an opening in a part of the barrel slidably carrying theplunger and an opening in the plunger to register wlth the opening inthe barrel.

- 3. A pump for use with a pump tubing and a hollow sucker .rod,in'cluding a barrel carried by the lower portion of the tubing, aplunger carried by the rod and slidably carried by the barrel, and afluid connection between the tubing and the plunger, said connectionincluding an opening extending around the interior of. the plungercarrying portion of the barrel and a port in the plunger to registerwith the opening.

4. A pump for use with a pump tubing and a hollow sucker rod, includinga barrel car ried by the tubing, a plunger carried by the rod, andafluid connection between the tubing and the plunger, said connectionincluding an opening. in the barrel and a plurality of ports spacedlongitudlnally in the plunger to co-operate with the opening.

5. A pump. for use with a pump tubing and 1 a hollow sucker rod,including a barrel carried by the tubing, a plunger carried by the rod,and a fluid connection between the tubing and the plunger, saidconnection lneluding a recess in the barrel and a plurality of portsspaced longitudinally in the plunger to register with the recess so thatthere-1s always one port in register with the recess during normaloperation of the plunger.

6. A pump for use with a pump tubing and a'hollow sucker rod, includinga barrel carried by the. tubing, a plunger carried by the rod andslidably fitting the barrel, and .a

1 fluid connection between the tubing and the plunger, said connectionincluding a recess in the barrel and ports in the plunger to registerwith the recess, the recess being located in the wall of the plungercarrying por- 5 tion of .the barrel so that the plunger can be loweredto a position in the barrel where the ports are all below the recess.

7. A pump for use with a pump tubing and a hollow sucker rod, includingv a hollow plunger carried by the rod, and a barrel for vthe plungercarried by the tubing, the barrel including a. shell and a liner spacedwithin the shell, the space between the shell and liner being incommunication with the tubing, the liner and plunger; having registeringopenfrom the ports.

ings connecting said space with the interior of the plunger.

8. A pump for use with a pump tubing and a hollow sucker rod, includinga hollow plunger carried by the rod, and a barrel for the plungercarried by the tubing, the barrel including a shell, a collar connectingthe shell with the tubing, and a liner spaced within the shell, thecollar having an opening connecting the tubing with the space betweenthe liner and shell, the liner and plunger having registering openingsconnecting said space with the interior of the plunger.

9. A pump for use with a tubing and a hollow sucker rod, a barrelcarried by the tubing, a hollow plunger carried by the rod and slidablycarried in the barrel, a working valve in the plunger, and means wherebyfluid is conducted from the tubing to the interior of the plunger anddirected downwardly above the valve, said means including a recess inthe plunger carrying wall of. the barrel receiving fluid from thetubing, a plurality of ports in the plunger to co-operate with therecess, and a manifold in the plunger receiving fluid 10. A pump for usewith a pump tubing and a hollow sucker rod, a barrel carried by thetubing, a hollow plunger carried by the rod and slidably carried in thebarrel, and means whereby fluid is introduced into the plunger from thetubing, said means including an opening in the barrel receiving fluidfrom the tubing and ports in the lunger to co-operate with the opening,the p unger being movable to a position in the barrel with its lower endrelated to the opening so that the plunger is slidably carried'in thebarrel and fluid from the opening enters the lower end of the plunger.

11. A pump for use with a and a hollow sucker rod, a barrel carried bythe tubing, a hollow plunger carried by the rod, a working valve in theplunger, and means whereby fluid from the tubing is introduced into theplunger above the valve, said means including an opening in the barrelreceiving fluid from the tubing and ports in the plunger toco-operate with the opening, the plunger being movable to a positionwhere it is'slidably engaged in the barrel and has its lower end relatedto the opening so that fluid from the opening enters the lower end ofthe plunger.

12. A pump for use with a pump tubing and a hollow sucker rod, :1 barrelcarried by the tubing, a hollow plunger carried by the rod, a Workingvalve in the plunger, and means whereby fluid from the tubing isintroduced into the plunger above the valve, said means including anopening in the barrel receiving fluid from the tubing and ports in theplunger to co-operate with the opening and a manifold in the plunger toreceive fluid from the ports and direct it at the valve,

the plunger being movable to a position where it is slidably engaged inthe barrel and has its lower end related to the opening so that fluidfrom the opening enters the lower end of the plunger.

13. A well pump for use with a pump tub ing and a hollow sucker rodincluding a barrel carried in the well by the tubing, a plunger carriedby the rod to operate in the barrel, a heater in the Well inconneotionwith the barrel to pass the pumped fluid, and means for circulatingfluid from the tubing through the heater and into the plunger. 14. Apump for use with a pump tubing and a hollow sucker rod including abarrel carried by the tubing, a plunger carried by the rod, a standingvalve at the lower end of the barrel, a heater mounted below the valve,and means whereby fluid from the tubing is circulated through the heaterand discharged into the plunger. L

In witness that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto subscribed my namethis 21st day of February, 1927. 25 THOMAS C. BANNON.

